For Africa to break free from neocolonial influence, internal unity must become a priority. The artificial borders drawn during the colonial era divided a continent that once thrived on interconnected trade, governance and cultural exchange. Today, these divisions persist, fueling intra-African competition rather than cooperation. Many of our nations still negotiate with global powers individually, weakening our bargaining position. Meanwhile, global narratives about Africa reinforce stereotypes of poverty, conflict and underdevelopment, obscuring the continent’s vast achievements and potential. The perception of Africa as a fragmented entity, reliant on foreign intervention, benefits those who wish to maintain control over its resources and decision-making power.
Pan-Africanism presents a direct challenge to these narratives. It is not just a political ideology but a strategy for collective strength. Historical figures such as Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere and Thomas Sankara envisioned a united Africa, one that dictated its own economic and political course rather than being subjected to external dictates. Their vision remains relevant today, as organisations and regional alliances such as The African Federation (TAF), the African Union (AU) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) work to dismantle trade barriers, promote economic integration and strengthen Africa’s self-sufficiency in global affairs. The true power of Pan-Africanism however, extends beyond institutional frameworks. It lies in the mindset of the people. A united Africa is one where citizens identify with the continent as a whole rather than being confined by colonial-era boundaries. It is an Africa where nations leverage their collective resources, expertise and markets to drive progress from within.
Unity faces resistance though. African leaders prioritise maintaining individual state power over promoting regional collaboration. Foreign interests exploit these divisions, making sure that African nations remain in competition rather than working together for mutual benefit. The media, both global and local, continues to push narratives that emphasise Africa’s struggles while downplaying its successes. This reinforces a perception of inferiority, making it easier for external forces to justify their continued influence. Meanwhile, global institutions set the terms for Africa’s engagement with the world, often dictating economic policies, governance structures and even cultural norms that align with foreign priorities rather than African needs.
The way forward requires a deliberate shift in global and internal perception. We must amplify our own narratives, showcasing successes and highlighting stories of resilience, innovation and self-sufficiency. Initiatives that promote intra-African trade, educational exchange programs and regional cooperation must be prioritised over agreements that continue to serve foreign interests. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 and regional integration efforts such as The African Federation Vision 2050 outline a future of self-reliance, but success depends on African citizens and leaders rejecting the illusion that progress must be dictated by external forces. The continent’s strength lies in its unity. The more Africa speaks with one voice, the harder it becomes for external actors to divide and exploit it.